I.
Definition:
An adjective is a word that indicates a quality of the person or thing. On
the other, an adjective is a word that modifies a noun.
-
She has two
books in her drawer.
-
Cambodian
people have a lot of lands.
II.
Kinds
of adjective
1. Proper adjective
Proper adjectives are formed proper noun.
-
Cambodia => Cambodian
-
France => French
-
England => English
-
Russia => Russian
-
German => Germany
-
Cambodian
people want to live in peace and freedom.
-
Two Chinese
nationals were arrested in Phnom Penh last
night.
2. Descriptive adjective
Descriptive adjectives tell something about the appearance,
nature or properties of the nouns.
-
Big, small, long, lazy, sad, hopeful, useful,
dirty, cheap, tired…
-
My parents bought a new car yesterday.
-
These apples are cheap.
3.
Quantitative adjective
Quantitative adjective is an adjective that stands before
noun to show uncertain quantity.
-
Many, any, a lot, some, a little, little, a few,
several, a couple of, a pair of, most, amount of, a large of, number of, a
small number of….
-
He doesn’t have any problems in his life.
-
I have read some books by Tolstoy Note1: Several, many, few, a
few, a lot, lots, some, any + countable noun
-
He has a
lot books in his house.
-
I have met several
students in the park.
-
I need to get a few things in the town.
Note2: Much, a little, little, some, any, a lot,
lots of + uncounted noun
-
There is a
little whiskey left in the bottle.
-
Vuthy is not a good person because he got little patient.
-
Here’s some
news you might be interested in.
4.
Numerical
adjective:
Adjectives of number
show how many persons or things are meant
Numerical adjectives are cardinal or ordinal number.
a. Cardinal
number
Cardinal number is
one, two, three and four…
-
Can you tell me your three solutions?
-
My teacher has five books about ethics.
b. Ordinal
number
Ordinal number is first, second, third and fourth, fifth,
sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh,
Form: Ordinal number + singular noun
-
This is the second
time that I come to visit Angkor watt.
-
Can you tell me the first answer, please?
-
5. Demonstrative
adjective
Form: This / that + singular noun
These / those +
plural noun
-
This
book is very expensive.
-
That boy
plays soccer very well.
-
These
pens are cheap.
-
Those
jeans are made from Thailand.
-
6.
Interrogative
adjective
Interrogative adjectives are used to make the question. They are “what,
which and whose”.
Ø
Mostly Interrogative adjectives are the question
words start with “Wh”
·
What refers thing.
·
Which refer to thing, person and places.
·
Whose refer to thing and person.
-
Which book
do you want to read?
-
Whose
cars are in the parking place?
-
What
school is he going to study?
Note: remember we use Interrogative
adjectives with noun or noun phrase.
7.
Possessive
adjective
Possessive adjectives are used before noun to show ownership
or possession.
|
Subject pronoun
|
Possessive adjective
|
|
I
|
My
|
|
You
|
Your
|
|
We
|
Our
|
|
They
|
Their
|
|
He
|
His
|
|
She
|
Her
|
|
It
|
Its
|
-
That is my
book.
-
Her
sister studies at USA.
-
What is your
job?
Note: A possessive adjective is similar or
identical to a possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and
modifies a noun or noun phrase.
-
I cannot complete my assignment because I don’t have the textbook.
-
What is your
phone number?
-
He can complete his exercise very well.
8.
Distributive
adjective
Each Every Either
Neither Another Other
All No Both…
-
England expects every man to do his duty.
-
Neither
boy is sad today.
-
Each
student tries to study.
Note1: We use Each, Every, Either, Neither,
Another and No with singular noun.
-
Each
teacher is great.
-
He is going to have another baby.
-
There is no
student in the class.
Note2: We use Other, All, No and Both
with plural noun, but we can use All and No
with uncountable noun.
-
Other
students study in ALS.
-
All
teachers go to the sea.
-
There no people
go to that mountain.
-
I have no
time for you.
-
9. Comparative
and Superlative adjectives
a. One-syllable
adjectives
Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable
by adding -erfor thecomparative and
-est for the superlative form.
One-syllable adjective Comparative
Form Superlative form
Tall taller the tallest
Old older the oldest
-
My brother is taller than Thida.
-
Of the three students, Visal is the oldest.
Note: Than has to be written after
comparative adjective in comparative form.
-
I’m older than you.
-
Your sister is taller than me.
·
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e,
just add -r for the comparative and -st for the superlative.
One-syllable adjective Comparative
Form Superlative form
Large larger the largest
Wise wiser the wisest
-
Tom’s car is larger than Tony’s car.
-
Satyak is the
wisest student in my class.
·
If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single
consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add -er for the
comparative and -est for the superlative form.
One-syllable
adjective Comparative Form Superlative form
Big bigger the biggest
Thin thinner the
thinnest
-
My dog is bigger than your dog.
-
Chana is the thinner in her family.
b. Two-syllable
adjective
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative
with more and the superlative with most.
Two-syllable adjective Comparative
Form Superlative form
Peaceful more peaceful the most peaceful
Careful more careful the most careful
-
Cambodia is more
peace than Thailand.
-
Jack is the
most careful of all the taxi drivers.
·
If the two-syllable adjective ends with –y,
change y to –ier for the comparative and -iest for the superlative form.
Two-syllable adjective Comparative
Form Superlative form
Happy happier the happiest
Easy easier
the easiest
-
Jame is happier
than Ratana.
-
Part of speech is the easiest course.
·
Two-syllable adjectives ending –er, -le, or, -ow
take –er for the comparative form and -est for the superlative form.
Two-syllable adjectives ending –er, -le, or, -ow Comparative form Superlative form.
Narrow narrower the narrowest
Gentle gentler the gentlest
-
The roads in the town are narrower than the roads in the city.
-
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs
are the gentlest.
·
Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules.
These adjectives can be used with –er and –est and with more and the most.
Two-syllable
adjective Comparative Form Superlative form
Clever cleverer the cleverest
Clever more clever the most clever
Gentle gentler the gentlest
Gentle more gentle the most gentle
Friendly friendlier the friendliest
Friendly more friendly the
most friendly
Quiet quieter the quietest
Quiet more quiet the most quiet
c. Three-syllable
adjective
Adjective with three syllables or more, you form the
comparative more and the superlative with most. Three
or more syllable adjective Comparative
Form Superlative form
Generous more generous the
most generous
Intelligent more intelligent the most
intelligent
Important more
important the most important
-
My brother is more generous than my sister
-
Vuthyis the
most intelligent student in ALS.
-
The health is more important than money.
d. Exception
Irregular adjectives
Irregular adjective Comparative
Form Superlative form
Good better
the best
Bad worse the worst
Far farther
the farthest
Little less the least
Many more the most
-
Italian food is better than American food.
-
My dog is the
best dog in the world.
-
Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.
10. Evaluation
and comparison
·
Enough
Form: subject
+ have / has +
enough + noun
-
I have enough chairs in my classroom.
-
My teacher has enough knowledge for teaching
English.
-
They have enough money in their pockets.
·
Adjective
Form: subject
+ to be + as + adjective
+ as + …
-
This school is as bright as my house.
-
She is as pretty as my sister.
-
My friends are friendly as your friends.
·
Noun
Form: subject
+ have / has + as
+ many +
countable noun + as + …
much
+ uncountable noun + as + …
-
I have as many books as my teacher.
-
She has as much sugar as my mother.
-
They have as many pens as my friends.
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